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65-598: Raspberry Pi ( / p aɪ / ) is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom . The original Raspberry Pi computer was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom . Since 2012, all Raspberry Pi products have been developed by Raspberry Pi Ltd, which began as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Foundation. The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward

130-494: A RISC -based 700 MHz 32-bit ARM11 76JZF-S processor, VideoCore IV graphics processing unit (GPU), and RAM. It has a level 1 (L1) cache of 16 KB and a level 2 (L2) cache of 128 KB. The level 2 cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible. The ARM1176JZ(F)-S is the same CPU used in the original iPhone , although at

195-408: A RP2040 system on chip with an integrated ARM -compatible central processing unit (CPU). The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in the type of the central processing unit, amount of memory capacity, networking support, and peripheral-device support. This block diagram describes models B, B+, A and A+. The Pi Zero models are similar, but lack

260-499: A backplane enclosure. Some of these types are CompactPCI , PXI , VMEbus , VXI , and PICMG . SBCs have been built around various internal processing structures including the Intel architecture, multiprocessing architectures, and lower power processing systems like RISC and SPARC . In the Intel PC world, the intelligence and interface/control circuitry is placed on a plug-in board that

325-738: A public company in June 2024, launching on the London Stock Exchange where it trades with the stock symbol RPI. Most Raspberry Pis are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed , Wales, while others are made in China and Japan. There are three series of Raspberry Pi, and several generations of each have been released. Raspberry Pi SBCs feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM -compatible central processing unit (CPU) and on-chip graphics processing unit (GPU), while Raspberry Pi Pico has

390-522: A computer is an SBC or not for two reasons, firstly because the HDD is regarded as a single block storage unit, and secondly because the SBC may not require a hard drive at all as most can be booted from their network connections. Megabyte The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Its recommended unit symbol is MB . The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1 000 000 (10 ) in

455-504: A custom interrupt controller poorly suited for virtualisation, the interrupt controller on this SoC is compatible with the ARM Generic Interrupt Controller (GIC) architecture 2.0, providing hardware support for interrupt distribution when using ARM virtualisation capabilities. The VideoCore IV of the previous models has also been replaced with a VideoCore VI running at 500 MHz. The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W use

520-435: A disk drive is the product of the sector size, number of sectors per track, number of tracks per side, and the number of disk platters in the drive. Changes in any of these factors would not usually double the size. Depending on compression methods and file format , a megabyte of data can roughly be: The novel The Picture of Dorian Gray , by Oscar Wilde , hosted on Project Gutenberg as an uncompressed plain text file,

585-446: A frequent source of reliability problems, so a single-board system eliminates these problems. Single-board computers are now commonly defined across two distinct architectures: no slots and slot support. Embedded SBCs are units providing all the required I/O with no provision for plug-in cards. Applications are typically gaming (slot machines, video poker), kiosk, and machine control automation . Embedded SBCs are much smaller than

650-504: A higher clock rate , and mated with a much faster GPU. The earlier V1.1 model of the Raspberry Pi 2 used a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit , quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache. The Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 was upgraded to a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, the same one which is used on the Raspberry Pi 3, but underclocked (by default) to

715-428: A market niche and are manufactured less often and at a higher cost. Motherboards and SBCs now offer similar levels of feature integration meaning that a motherboard failure in either standard will require equivalent replacement. Ranges of single-board computers include Raspberry Pi , BeagleBoard and Nano Pi . One common variety of single-board computer uses standardized computer form factors intended for use in

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780-708: A network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter. On the Model B and B+ the Ethernet port is provided by a built-in USB Ethernet adapter using the SMSC LAN9514 chip. The Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi Zero W (wireless) are equipped with 2.4 GHz WiFi 802.11n (150 Mbit/s) and Bluetooth 4.1 (24 Mbit/s) based on the Broadcom BCM43438 FullMAC chip with no official support for monitor mode (though it

845-729: A newer chipset can boot from USB mass storage, such as from a flash drive. Booting from USB mass storage is not available in the original Raspberry Pi models, the Raspberry Pi Zero, the Raspberry Pi Pico, the Raspberry Pi 2 A models, and the Raspberry Pi 2 B models with versions lower than 1.2. Although often pre-configured to operate as a headless computer , the Raspberry Pi may also optionally be operated with any generic USB computer keyboard and mouse . It may also be used with USB storage, USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any other device/component with USB capabilities, depending on

910-481: A quad-core ARM Cortex-A76 processor clocked at 2.4 GHz, alongside a VideoCore VII GPU clocked at 800 MHz. The BCM2712 SoC also features support for cryptographic extensions for the first time on a Raspberry Pi model. Alongside the new processor and graphics unit, the monolithic design of the earlier BCM2711 has been replaced with a CPU and chipset (southbridge) architecture , as the IO functionality has been moved to

975-445: A quad-core Cortex-A53 processor, is described as having ten times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 1. Benchmarks showed the Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelised tasks. The Raspberry Pi 4, with a quad-core Cortex-A72 processor, is described as having three times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 3. Most Raspberry Pi systems-on-chip can be overclocked to various degrees utilising

1040-432: A quantity that conveniently expresses the binary architecture of digital computer memory. Standards bodies have deprecated this binary usage of the mega- prefix in favor of a new set of binary prefixes , by means of which the quantity 2 B is named mebibyte (symbol MiB). The unit megabyte is commonly used for 1000 (one million) bytes or 1024 bytes. The interpretation of using base 1024 originated as technical jargon for

1105-440: A stack of circuit boards, each containing expansion hardware, to be assembled without a traditional backplane. Examples of stacking SBC form factors include PC/104 , PC/104- Plus , PCI-104 , EPIC , and EBX; these systems are commonly available for use in embedded control systems. Stack-type SBCs often have memory provided on plug-cards such as SIMMs and DIMMs . Hard drive circuit boards are also not counted for determining if

1170-447: A standard 3.5 mm tip-ring-sleeve jack carrying mono audio together with composite video. Lower-level output is provided by a number of GPIO pins, which support common protocols like I²C . The B-models have an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3, Pi 4 and Pi Zero W have on-board Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth . The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi includes

1235-469: A wide range of microprocessors . Simple designs, such as those built by computer hobbyists, often use static RAM and low-cost 32 - or 64-bit processors like ARM . Other types, such as blade servers , would perform similar to a server computer, only in a more compact format. A computer-on-module is a type of single-board computer made to plug into a carrier board, baseboard, or backplane for system expansion. The first true single-board computer

1300-507: Is monotonic (files saved later in time always have later timestamps) but may be considerably earlier than the actual time. For systems that require a built-in real-time clock, a number of small, low-cost add-on boards with real-time clocks are available. The Raspberry Pi 5 is the first to include a real-time clock. If an external battery is not plugged in, the Pi 5 will use the Network Time Protocol , or will need to be set manually, as

1365-547: Is also connected directly to the SoC, but it uses a micro USB (OTG) port. Unlike all other Pi models, the 40 pin GPIO connector is omitted on the Pi Zero, with solderable through-holes only in the pin locations. The Pi Zero WH remedies this. Processor speed ranges from 700 MHz to 2.4 GHz for the Pi 5; on-board memory ranges from 256 MB to 8 GB random-access memory (RAM), with only

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1430-429: Is then inserted into a passive (or active) backplane. The result is similar to having a system built with a motherboard , except that the backplane determines the slot configuration. Backplanes are available with a mix of slots ( ISA , PCI, PCI-X , PCI-Express , etc.), usually totaling 20 or fewer, meaning it will fit in a 19" rackmount enclosure (17" wide chassis). Some single-board computers have connectors that allow

1495-502: The ATX-type motherboard found in PCs, and provide an I/O mix more targeted to an industrial application, such as on-board digital and analog I/O, on-board bootable flash memory (eliminating the need for a disk drive ), no video, etc. The term single-board computer now generally applies to an architecture where the single-board computer is plugged into a backplane to provide for I/O cards. In

1560-547: The Ariane and Pegasus rockets and Space Shuttle . Because of the very high levels of integration, reduced component counts and reduced connector counts, SBCs are often smaller, lighter, more power efficient and more reliable than comparable multi-board computers. The primary advantage of an ATX motherboard as compared to an SBC is cost. Motherboards are manufactured by the millions for the consumer and office markets allowing tremendous economies of scale . Single-board computers are

1625-532: The CPU and other core components, with peripheral components such as hard disk drive controllers and graphics processors , and even some core components such as RAM modules, located on daughterboards . Computers began to move back towards fewer boards in the 2000s. As new standards like USB dramatically reduced the variety of peripheral standards motherboards were expected to support, advances in integrated circuit manufacturing provided new chipsets which could provide

1690-560: The Ethernet and USB hub components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to an additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero, the USB port is connected directly to the system on a chip (SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip contains a five-port USB hub, of which four ports are available, while the Pi 1 Model B only provides two. On the Pi Zero, the USB port

1755-633: The Ferguson Big Board , the Ampro Little Board, and the Nascom . Many home computers in the 1980s were single-board computers, with some even encouraging owners to solder upgraded components directly to pre-marked points on the board. As the PC became more prevalent, SBCs decreased in market share due to their low extensibility. The rapid adoption of IBM's standards for peripherals and the standardization of

1820-468: The International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one megabyte is one million bytes of information. This definition has been incorporated into the International System of Quantities . In the computer and information technology fields, other definitions have been used that arose for historical reasons of convenience. A common usage has been to designate one megabyte as 1 048 576 bytes (2 B),

1885-519: The Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV. The later Model B with 512 MB RAM, was released on 15 October 2012 and was initially released with new standard memory split files (arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) with 256 MB, 384 MB, and 496 MB CPU RAM, and with 256 MB, 128 MB, and 16 MB video RAM, respectively. But about one week later,

1950-528: The PCI bus in the 1990s made motherboards and compatible components and peripherals cheap and ubiquitous, while the development of multimedia platforms such as the CD-ROM and Sound Blaster cards had begun to fast outpace the rate at which users needed to replace their personal computers. These two trends disincentivized single-board computers, and instead encouraged the proliferation of motherboards , which typically housed

2015-706: The B and B+ models, and 512 MB of RAM in the A+ model. The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W have 512 MB of RAM. The Raspberry Pi 4 is available with 1, 2, 4 or 8 GB of RAM. A 1 GB model was originally available at launch in June 2019 but was discontinued in March 2020, and the 8 GB model was introduced in May 2020. The 1 GB model returned in October 2021. The Raspberry Pi 5 is available with 2, 4 or 8 GB of RAM. The Model A, A+ and Pi Zero have no Ethernet circuitry and are commonly connected to

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2080-578: The BCM2710A1 in its Broadcom BCM2837 SoC, but clocked at a higher 1.2 GHz. The Raspberry Pi Pico uses the RP2040 , a microcontroller containing dual ARM Cortex-M0+ cores running at 133 MHz, 6 banks of SRAM totalling 264 KB, and programmable IO for peripherals. The Raspberry Pi 5 uses the Broadcom BCM2712 SoC, which is a chip designed in collaboration with Raspberry Pi. The SoC features

2145-491: The CPU. On the early 256 MB releases of models A and B, three different splits were possible. The default split was 192 MB for the CPU, which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D processing. 224 MB was for Linux processing only, with only a 1080p framebuffer , and was likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy 3D processing, possibly also with video decoding. In comparison,

2210-661: The Internet. Both of these factors dramatically increased production of single-board computers throughout the decade. By the end of the 2010s and the early 2020s, many devices, including smartphones, tablet computers , laptops and other smart devices, are powered by single-board computers which utilize advanced SoCs ( System on a Chip ). While this has greatly increased performance and power efficiency, it has raised concerns that single-board computers, particularly those built around SoCs, are harder to repair and may be less friendly to attempts to monitor or modify instructions programmed into

2275-568: The Pi, and other comparable SBCs, for projects such as home automation , video game emulation , media streaming , and other experimentation. In industry, the rapid growth of smartphones and other small-scale devices encouraged hardware manufacturers to move towards more frequent use of SoCs and the reduction of motherboards in size, extensibility and complexity, while the proliferation of the Internet of Things increased demand for small, cheap components that would allow unconventional devices to access

2340-519: The Raspberry Pi 4 and the Raspberry Pi 5 having more than 1 GB. Secure Digital (SD) cards in MicroSDHC form factor (SDHC on early models) are used to store the operating system and program memory, however some models also come with onboard eMMC storage and the Raspberry Pi 4 can also make use of USB-attached SSD storage for its operating system. The boards have one to five USB ports. For video output, HDMI and composite video are supported, with

2405-432: The Raspberry Pi 5's custom RP1 chip. While operating at 700 MHz by default, the first generation Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to 0.041 GFLOPS . On the CPU level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of 1997–99. The GPU provides 1 Gpixel /s or 1.5 Gtexel /s of graphics processing or 24 GFLOPS of general purpose computing performance. The graphical capabilities of

2470-476: The Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the performance of the Xbox of 2001. Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 included a quad-core Cortex-A7 CPU running at 900 MHz and 1 GB RAM. It was described as 4–6 times more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU was identical to the original. In parallelised benchmarks, the Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 could be up to 14 times faster than a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. The Raspberry Pi 3, with

2535-399: The USB chip.) The RPi Zero, RPi1A, RPi3A+ and RPi4 can be used as a USB device or "USB gadget", plugged into another computer via a USB port on another machine. It can be configured in multiple ways, such as functioning as a serial or Ethernet device. Although originally requiring software patches, this was added into the mainline Raspbian distribution in May 2016. Raspberry Pi models with

2600-525: The best-selling British computer in 2015, when it surpassed the ZX Spectrum in unit sales. The Raspberry Pi Foundation was created as a private company limited by guarantee in 2008, and was registered as a charity in 2009 by people at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory who had noticed a decline in the number and skills of young people applying for computer science courses. In 2012, after

2665-457: The board version and on which of the turbo settings is used. The overclocking modes are: In the highest ( turbo ) mode the SDRAM clock speed was originally 500 MHz, but this was later changed to 600 MHz because of occasional SD card corruption. Simultaneously, in high mode the core clock speed was lowered from 450 to 250 MHz, and in medium mode from 333 to 250 MHz. The CPU of

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2730-461: The boards by manufacturers. Single-board computers were made possible by increasing the density of integrated circuits . A single-board configuration reduces a system's overall cost, by reducing the number of circuit boards required, and by eliminating connectors and bus driver circuits that would otherwise be used. By putting all the functions on one board, a smaller overall system can be obtained, for example, as in notebook computers. Connectors are

2795-522: The built in config.txt file in the boot sector of the Raspberry Pi OS. Overclocking is generally safe and does not automatically void the warranty of the Raspberry Pi; however, setting the "force_turbo" option to 1 bypasses voltage and temperature limits and voids the users warranty. In Raspberry Pi OS the overclocking options on boot can also be made by a software command running "sudo raspi-config" on Raspberry Pi 1, 2, and original 3B without voiding

2860-571: The byte multiples that needed to be expressed by the powers of 2 but lacked a convenient name. As 1024 (2 ) approximates 1000 (10 ), roughly corresponding to the SI prefix kilo- , it was a convenient term to denote the binary multiple. In 1999, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published standards for binary prefixes requiring the use of megabyte to denote 1000 bytes, and mebibyte to denote 1024 bytes. By

2925-485: The case of PC104 , the bus is not a backplane in the traditional sense but is a series of pin connectors allowing I/O boards to be stacked. Single-board computers are most commonly used in industrial situations where they are used in rackmount format for process control or embedded within other devices to provide control and interfacing. They are used in deep-sea exploration on the ALICE deep sea probes and in outer space, on

2990-576: The decoding of H.265-encoded videos in software. The GPU in the Raspberry Pi 3 runs at higher clock frequencies of 300 MHz or 400 MHz, compared to previous versions which ran at 250 MHz. The Raspberry Pis can also generate 576i and 480i composite video signals, as used on old-style (CRT) TV screens and less-expensive monitors through standard connectors – either RCA or 3.5 mm phono connector depending on model. The television signal standards supported are PAL-B/G/H/I/D , PAL-M , PAL-N , NTSC and NTSC-J . When booting,

3055-593: The end of 2009, the IEC Standard had been adopted by the IEEE , EU , ISO and NIST . Nevertheless, the term megabyte continues to be widely used with different meanings. In this convention, one thousand megabytes (1000 MB) is equal to one gigabyte (1 GB), where 1 GB is one billion bytes. Randomly addressable semiconductor memory doubles in size for each address lane added to an integrated circuit package, which favors counts that are powers of two. The capacity of

3120-477: The first and second generation Raspberry Pi board did not require cooling with a heat sink or fan , even when overclocked, but the Raspberry Pi 3 may generate more heat when overclocked. The early designs of the Raspberry Pi Model A and B boards included 256 MB of random-access memory (RAM). Of this, the early beta Model B boards allocated 128 MB to the GPU by default, leaving only 128 MB for

3185-538: The first time to include most or all of the core components of a motherboard on a single integrated circuit die . One of the more well known single-board-computers of the decade was the Raspberry Pi , which was built around a custom Broadcom SoC with open-source drivers. Originally intended for education, the Raspberry Pi contained a number of features, such as optimized Linux support and programmable GPIO pins, that were also greatly appealing to hobbyists , who used

3250-440: The following resolutions: 640×350 EGA ; 640×480 VGA ; 800×600 SVGA ; 1024×768 XGA ; 1280×720 720p HDTV ; 1280×768 WXGA variant; 1280×800 WXGA variant; 1280×1024 SXGA ; 1366×768 WXGA variant; 1400×1050 SXGA+ ; 1600×1200 UXGA ; 1680×1050 WXGA+ ; 1920×1080 1080p HDTV ; 1920×1200 WUXGA . Higher resolutions, up to 2048×1152, may work or even 3840×2160 at 15 Hz (too low a frame rate for convincing video). Allowing

3315-432: The foundation released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt (gpu_mem= xx ) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in 8 MB steps) to the GPU, obsoleting the older method of splitting memory, and a single start.elf worked the same for 256 MB and 512 MB Raspberry Pis. The Raspberry Pi 2 has 1 GB of RAM. The Raspberry Pi 3 has 1 GB of RAM in

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3380-747: The functionality of many daughterboards, particularly I/O , in a single chip. By the end of the decade, PC motherboards offered on-board support for disk drives including IDE , SATA , NVMe , RAID , integrated GPU , Ethernet , and traditional I/O such as serial port and parallel port , USB , and keyboard/mouse support. Plug-in "cards" retained their importance as high performance components, such as physically large and complex graphics coprocessors , high-end RAID controllers , and specialized I/O cards such as data acquisition and DSP boards. The 2010s were defined by rapid and sustained growth in single-board computers, enabled largely by advances in integrated circuit production techniques that made it possible for

3445-497: The highest resolutions does not imply that the GPU can decode video formats at these resolutions; in fact, the Raspberry Pis are known to not work reliably for H.265 (at those high resolutions), commonly used for very high resolutions (however, most common formats up to Full HD do work). Although the Raspberry Pi 3 does not have H.265 decoding hardware, the CPU is more powerful than its predecessors, potentially fast enough to allow

3510-472: The installed device drivers in the underlying operating system (many of which are included by default). Other peripherals can be attached through the various pins and connectors on the surface of the Raspberry Pi. The video controller can generate standard modern TV resolutions, such as HD and Full HD , and higher or lower monitor resolutions as well as older NTSC or PAL standard CRT TV resolutions. As shipped (i.e., without custom overclocking) it can support

3575-430: The lifetime of the board. This is done by monitoring the core temperature of the chip and the CPU load , and dynamically adjusting clock speeds and the core voltage . When the demand is low on the CPU or it is running too hot, the performance is throttled , but if the CPU has much to do and the chip's temperature is acceptable, performance is temporarily increased with CPU clock speeds of up to 1.1 GHz, depending on

3640-454: The promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools. The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for diverse uses such as robotics , home automation , industrial automation , and by computer and electronic hobbyists, because of its low cost, modularity, open design , and its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards. The Raspberry Pi became

3705-582: The release of the second board type, the Raspberry Pi Foundation set up a new entity responsible for developing their computers, named Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd, and installed Eben Upton (one of the 2008 group) as CEO . The Foundation was rededicated as an educational charity for promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries. In 2021, Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd changed its name to Raspberry Pi Ltd. Its newly-formed parent company, Raspberry Pi Holdings Ltd, became

3770-564: The same 900 MHz CPU clock speed as the V1.1. The BCM2836 SoC is no longer in production as of late 2016. The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache. The Model A+ and B+ are 1.4 GHz The Raspberry Pi 4 uses a Broadcom BCM2711 SoC with a 1.5 GHz (later models: 1.8 GHz) 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, with 1 MB shared L2 cache. Unlike previous models, which all used

3835-468: The same Broadcom BCM2835 SoC as the first generation Raspberry Pi, although now running at 1 GHz CPU clock speed. The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W uses the RP3A0-AU, which is a System-in-Package (SiP) design. The package contains a Broadcom BCM2710A1 processor, which is a 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 clocked at 1 GHz, along with 512 MB of LPDDR2 SDRAM layered above. The Raspberry Pi 3 also uses

3900-400: The time defaults to being set over the network using the Network Time Protocol (NTP). The source of time information can be another computer on the local network that does have a real-time clock, or to a NTP server on the internet. If no network connection is available, the time may be set manually or configured to assume that no time passed during the shutdown. In the latter case, the time

3965-416: The warranty. In those cases the Pi automatically shuts the overclocking down if the chip temperature reaches 85 °C (185 °F); an appropriately sized heat sink is needed to protect the chip from thermal throttling . Newer versions of the firmware contain the option to choose between five overclock ("turbo") presets that, when used, attempt to maximise the performance of the SoC without impairing

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4030-641: Was based on the Intel C8080A , also using Intel's first EPROM , the C1702A. Schematics for the machine, called the "dyna-micro" were published in Radio-Electronics magazine in May 1976. Later that year, production of the system began by E&L Instruments, a Derby, Connecticut -based computer manufacturer, which branded the system as the "Mini Micro Designer 1", intending it for use as a programmable microcontroller for prototyping electronic products. The MMD-1

4095-494: Was implemented through unofficial firmware patching) and the Pi 3 also has a 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port. The Raspberry Pi 3B+ features dual-band IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi , Bluetooth 4.2 , and Gigabit Ethernet (limited to approximately 300 Mbit/s by the USB 2.0 bus between it and the SoC). The Raspberry Pi 4 has full gigabit Ethernet (throughput is not limited as it is not funnelled via

4160-555: Was made famous as an example microcomputer in popular 8080 instruction series of the time. Early SBCs figured heavily in the early history of home computers , such as the Acorn Electron and the BBC Micro , also developed by Acorn. Other typical early single-board computers like the KIM-1 were often shipped without enclosure , which had to be added by the owner. Other early examples are

4225-420: Was the case in previous models. The RP2040 microcontroller has a built-in real-time clock , but it can not be set without some form of user entry or network facility being added. Single-board computer Unlike a desktop personal computer , single-board computers often do not rely on expansion slots for peripheral functions or expansion . Single-board computers have been built using

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